Which term describes the method of cleaning tools and surfaces to remove dirt and germs?

The term that best describes the method of cleaning tools and surfaces to remove dirt and germs is "cleaning." Cleaning generally involves the physical removal of dirt, dust, and organic material from surfaces, tools, and equipment. This process is essential in maintaining a hygienic environment, particularly in settings like barbershops, where tools come into contact with clients.

Cleaning is the foundational step before any further processes, such as disinfection or sterilization, can be applied. Disinfection goes a step further by using chemicals to kill germs after cleaning, and sterilization involves entirely eliminating all microbial life, including spores. Sanitation refers to reducing the number of germs to a safe level as judged by public health standards. Therefore, "cleaning" is correctly identified as the method focused on removing dirt and germs.